Tagalog: Difference between revisions
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= | = 🗺️ {{PAGENAME}} = | ||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
* '''Language family:''' | * '''Language family:''' Austronesian | ||
* '''Region:''' | * '''Region:''' Central and Southern Luzon (e.g., Manila, Batangas, Laguna) | ||
* '''Number of speakers:''' | * '''Number of speakers:''' 95% (it is the national language of the Philippines | ||
* '''Status:''' | * '''Status:''' widely spoken | ||
* '''Alternate names/spellings:''' | * '''Alternate names/spellings:''' Pilipino, Filipino | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
b k d g h l m n ng p r s t w y | |||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
a e i o u | |||
=== Notable Features === | === Notable Features === | ||
* . | * (Unique sounds, tone, stress, vowel harmony, etc.) | ||
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
==== 🗺️ Word Order ==== | |||
'''Default word order:''' Verb–Subject–Object (VSO) | |||
Example: Kumain ang bata ng mangga. | |||
→ "The child ate a mango." (lit. Ate the child mango) | |||
But Tagalog is flexible; it can also be SVO or VOS depending on focus/marker usage. | |||
Word order is determined more by focus markers (ang, ng, sa) than by position. | |||
==== 🗺️ Pronouns ==== | |||
Tagalog pronouns mark case (nominative, genitive, oblique) and number (singular/plural), sometimes inclusivity. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Person !! Nominative (subject) !! Genitive (possessor) !! Oblique (object, location) | |||
|- | |||
| 1st sg || ako (I) || ko (my) || sa akin (to me) | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd sg || ikaw/ka (you) || mo (your) || sa iyo (to you) | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd sg || siya (he/she) || niya (his/her) || sa kanya (to him/her) | |||
|- | |||
| 1st pl excl. || kami (we excl.) || namin || sa amin | |||
|- | |||
| 1st pl incl. || tayo (we incl.) || natin || sa atin | |||
|- | |||
| 2nd pl || kayo (you all) || ninyo || sa inyo | |||
|- | |||
| 3rd pl || sila (they) || nila || sa kanila | |||
|} | |||
Inclusive vs. exclusive "we": | |||
tayo = we (including the listener) | |||
kami = we (excluding the listener) | |||
==== 🗺️ Verb System ==== | |||
Tagalog verbs are marked for aspect (not tense), focus/voice, and mood. | |||
Aspects (completed, incompleted, contemplated) | |||
kumain → ate (completed) | |||
kumakain → eating (incompleted/ongoing) | |||
kakain → will eat (contemplated/future) | |||
Focus system (voices) | |||
Focus indicates the role of the subject: | |||
Actor-focus: kumain ang bata ng mangga ("The child ate mango") | |||
Object-focus: kinain ng bata ang mangga ("The mango was eaten by the child") | |||
==== 🗺️ Noun Structure ==== | |||
Plurals: marked with mga before the noun. | |||
bata → mga bata (children) | |||
Possessives: formed with genitive pronouns or markers. | |||
libro ko (my book) | |||
bahay ng guro (the teacher’s house) | |||
Cases (marked by particles): | |||
Nominative (focus/subject): ang/si/sina | |||
Genitive (non-focus agent/possessor): ng/ni/nina | |||
Oblique (location, direction, beneficiary): sa/kay/kina | |||
==== 🗺️ Other Features ==== | |||
Reduplication: used for aspect, intensity, plurality. | |||
bili (buy) → bumibili (buying) → bibili (will buy) | |||
araw (day) → araw-araw (every day) | |||
Linkers: -ng / na connect modifiers. | |||
magandang bahay (beautiful house) | |||
Particles: express emphasis, mood, politeness. | |||
ba (question marker): Kumain ka ba? (Did you eat?) | |||
po/ho (politeness markers). | |||
No gendered pronouns: siya means both “he” and “she”. | |||
Evidence/context markers aren’t grammaticalized like in some Austronesian languages, but particles (yata, daw/raw) show hearsay, uncertainty, or inference. | |||
Umuulan daw. (They say it’s raining.) | |||
Umuulan yata. (It seems it’s raining.) | |||
== Vocabulary == | == Vocabulary == | ||
| Line 37: | Line 132: | ||
! English !! {{PAGENAME}} | ! English !! {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Water || | | Water || Tubig | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Sun || | | Sun || Araw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mother || | | Mother || Ina | ||
|- | |- | ||
| House || | | House || Bahay | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Numbers === | === Numbers === | ||
1 = | 1 = Isa | ||
2 = | 2 = Dalawa | ||
3 = | 3 = Tatlo | ||
4 = | 4 = Apat | ||
5 = | 5 = Lima | ||
== Sample Text == | == Sample Text == | ||
=== Example Sentence === | === Example Sentence === | ||
* {{PAGENAME}}: ''(Insert example)'' | * {{PAGENAME}}: ''(Insert example sentence here)'' | ||
* Translation: ''(English or national language)'' | * Translation: ''(Provide English or national language translation)'' | ||
=== Longer Text === | === Longer Text === | ||
( | (Insert folk tale, poem, or dialogue if available.) | ||
== Related Dialects == | == Related Dialects == | ||
* [[Related Dialect 1]] | * [[Related Dialect 1]] | ||
* [[Parent Language]] | * [[Related Dialect 2]] | ||
* [[Parent Language]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
* (Books, dictionaries, or | * (Books, articles, dictionaries, or online resources) | ||
* (Add {{Cite web}} or {{Cite book}} templates if available on your wiki) | |||
---- | ---- | ||
''This article about a dialect of [[ | ''This article about a dialect of [[the Philippines]] is a stub. You can help expand it by contributing.'' | ||
Latest revision as of 08:25, 26 September 2025
🗺️ Tagalog
Overview
- Language family: Austronesian
- Region: Central and Southern Luzon (e.g., Manila, Batangas, Laguna)
- Number of speakers: 95% (it is the national language of the Philippines
- Status: widely spoken
- Alternate names/spellings: Pilipino, Filipino
Phonology
Consonants
b k d g h l m n ng p r s t w y
Vowels
a e i o u
Notable Features
- (Unique sounds, tone, stress, vowel harmony, etc.)
Grammar
🗺️ Word Order
Default word order: Verb–Subject–Object (VSO)
Example: Kumain ang bata ng mangga. → "The child ate a mango." (lit. Ate the child mango)
But Tagalog is flexible; it can also be SVO or VOS depending on focus/marker usage.
Word order is determined more by focus markers (ang, ng, sa) than by position.
🗺️ Pronouns
Tagalog pronouns mark case (nominative, genitive, oblique) and number (singular/plural), sometimes inclusivity.
| Person | Nominative (subject) | Genitive (possessor) | Oblique (object, location) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | ako (I) | ko (my) | sa akin (to me) |
| 2nd sg | ikaw/ka (you) | mo (your) | sa iyo (to you) |
| 3rd sg | siya (he/she) | niya (his/her) | sa kanya (to him/her) |
| 1st pl excl. | kami (we excl.) | namin | sa amin |
| 1st pl incl. | tayo (we incl.) | natin | sa atin |
| 2nd pl | kayo (you all) | ninyo | sa inyo |
| 3rd pl | sila (they) | nila | sa kanila |
Inclusive vs. exclusive "we":
tayo = we (including the listener)
kami = we (excluding the listener)
🗺️ Verb System
Tagalog verbs are marked for aspect (not tense), focus/voice, and mood.
Aspects (completed, incompleted, contemplated)
kumain → ate (completed)
kumakain → eating (incompleted/ongoing)
kakain → will eat (contemplated/future)
Focus system (voices)
Focus indicates the role of the subject:
Actor-focus: kumain ang bata ng mangga ("The child ate mango")
Object-focus: kinain ng bata ang mangga ("The mango was eaten by the child")
🗺️ Noun Structure
Plurals: marked with mga before the noun.
bata → mga bata (children)
Possessives: formed with genitive pronouns or markers.
libro ko (my book)
bahay ng guro (the teacher’s house)
Cases (marked by particles):
Nominative (focus/subject): ang/si/sina
Genitive (non-focus agent/possessor): ng/ni/nina
Oblique (location, direction, beneficiary): sa/kay/kina
🗺️ Other Features
Reduplication: used for aspect, intensity, plurality.
bili (buy) → bumibili (buying) → bibili (will buy)
araw (day) → araw-araw (every day)
Linkers: -ng / na connect modifiers.
magandang bahay (beautiful house)
Particles: express emphasis, mood, politeness.
ba (question marker): Kumain ka ba? (Did you eat?)
po/ho (politeness markers).
No gendered pronouns: siya means both “he” and “she”.
Evidence/context markers aren’t grammaticalized like in some Austronesian languages, but particles (yata, daw/raw) show hearsay, uncertainty, or inference.
Umuulan daw. (They say it’s raining.)
Umuulan yata. (It seems it’s raining.)
Vocabulary
Core Words
| English | Tagalog |
|---|---|
| Water | Tubig |
| Sun | Araw |
| Mother | Ina |
| House | Bahay |
Numbers
1 = Isa 2 = Dalawa 3 = Tatlo 4 = Apat 5 = Lima
Sample Text
Example Sentence
- Tagalog: (Insert example sentence here)
- Translation: (Provide English or national language translation)
Longer Text
(Insert folk tale, poem, or dialogue if available.)
Related Dialects
References
- (Books, articles, dictionaries, or online resources)
- (Add Template:Cite web or Template:Cite book templates if available on your wiki)
This article about a dialect of the Philippines is a stub. You can help expand it by contributing.